Studies of Distillery Effluents about Presence of Melanoidin, Physico-Chemical Properties, Impact on Fishes and Biological Approaches in Treatment: A Review

Revathy R, A U Arun

Abstract


Both nationally and internationally, the toxicity of the distillery effluents creates severe issues in various respects. For the production of one litre alcohol, more than 13-15 litre of fresh water is required and the resulting waste water contains huge volume of toxicants. The by-products eliminated from such distilleries will adversely affect the ecosystem. The limited concentration of minerals and nutrients in the effluent may support the plant growth to greater extent. However, the adverse effects of distillery effluents rank more than its positive effect in the ecosystem. These aspects of distillery effluents are documented well by different researchers. This review paper throws light on various aspects of water and soil pollution caused by the distillery effluents. It specifically deals with decolourization methods of Melanoidin pigment, impacts of distillery effluent on various fishes, different physico-chemical properties and biological approaches engaging micro-organisms used for the treatment of distillery effluents.


Keywords


Distillery effluent, Melanoidin, Chemical Oxygen Demand, Biological Oxygen Demand, Physico-chemical approaches, Biological approaches.

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